Membangun REST API dengan Flask

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api_project/
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├── app/
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│   ├── __init__.py
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│   ├── api/
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│   │   ├── __init__.py
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│   │   ├── v1/
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│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
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│   │   │   ├── users.py
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│   │   │   └── posts.py
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│   │   └── __init__.py
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│   ├── models.py
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│   └── schemas.py
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├── config.py
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├── requirements.txt
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└── run.py

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from flask import Flask
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from flask_restx import Api
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from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
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from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager
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db = SQLAlchemy()
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jwt = JWTManager()
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api = Api(
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    title='My REST API',
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    version='1.0',
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    description='A simple REST API built with Flask',
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    doc='/docs'   # Swagger UI akan tersedia di /docs
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)
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def create_app(config_name):
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    app = Flask(__name__)
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    app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
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    db.init_app(app)
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    jwt.init_app(app)
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    api.init_app(app)
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    # Register namespaces
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    from .api.v1.users import ns as users_ns
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    from .api.v1.posts import ns as posts_ns
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    api.add_namespace(users_ns, path='/api/v1/users')
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    api.add_namespace(posts_ns, path='/api/v1/posts')
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    return app

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from flask_restx import Namespace, Resource, fields
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from flask_jwt_extended import jwt_required, get_jwt_identity
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from app.models import User
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from app import db
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ns = Namespace('users', description='User operations')
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user_model = ns.model('User', {
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    'id': fields.Integer(readonly=True),
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    'username': fields.String(required=True),
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    'email': fields.String(required=True),
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})
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@ns.route('/')
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class UserList(Resource):
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    @ns.doc('list_users')
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    @ns.marshal_list_with(user_model)
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    @jwt_required()
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    def get(self):
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        """List all users"""
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        users = User.query.all()
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        return users
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    @ns.doc('create_user')
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    @ns.expect(user_model)
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    @ns.marshal_with(user_model, code=201)
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    def post(self):
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        """Create a new user"""
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        data = ns.payload
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        user = User(username=data['username'], email=data['email'])
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        db.session.add(user)
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        db.session.commit()
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        return user, 201
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@ns.route('/<int:id>')
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class UserResource(Resource):
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    @ns.doc('get_user')
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    @ns.marshal_with(user_model)
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    def get(self, id):
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        """Get a user by ID"""
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        user = User.query.get_or_404(id)
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        return user

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from flask_restx import reqparse
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parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
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parser.add_argument('username', type=str, required=True, help='Username is required')
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parser.add_argument('email', type=str, required=True)
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@ns.route('/')
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class UserList(Resource):
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    def post(self):
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        args = parser.parse_args()
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        # proses data

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from flask_restx import abort
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@ns.route('/<int:id>')
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class UserResource(Resource):
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    def get(self, id):
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        user = User.query.get(id)
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        if not user:
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            abort(404, message="User not found")
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        return user

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from flask_jwt_extended import create_access_token
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@ns.route('/login')
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class Login(Resource):
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    def post(self):
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        data = ns.payload
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        user = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
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        if user and user.verify_password(data['password']):
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            access_token = create_access_token(identity=user.id)
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            return {'access_token': access_token}, 200
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        return {'message': 'Invalid credentials'}, 401

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{
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  "data": {
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    "id": 1,
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    "username": "rifki",
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    "email": "rifki@example.com"
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  },
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  "message": "User created successfully"
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}

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{
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  "error": "Not Found",
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  "message": "User with id 99 not found",
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  "status_code": 404
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}